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Vascular

Vascular DIAGNOSIS 

BLOOD CLOTS
Blood clotting is an essential process that stops bleeding when a blood vessel (vein or artery) is injured. Blood cells (platelets) and plasma (liquid protein in the blood) help stop the bleeding by clotting the injured blood vessel. Usually, your body will clot an open wound and then dissolve the blood clot once the injury has healed, but sometimes clots form on the inside of blood vessels.
PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) occurs when your arteries narrow or accumulate fatty deposits which reduce blood flow to your limbs. This is a circulatory problem that usually causes your legs to receive inadequate blood flow. While this condition has proven to affect the legs mostly, peripheral artery disease can also reduce blood flow to your heart and brain.

PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE

Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is a blood circulation disorder in which blood vessels are too narrow, block, or spasm in arteries and veins outside of the heart and brain.
VARICOSE AND SPIDER VEINS
Spider and varicose veins are prevalent ailments that affect up to 50% of adults.  

Spider veins are groups of small blood vessels that develop near the surface of the skin. These veins usually appear on the face or legs, form a spider web pattern, and can be red, blue, or purple.

VENOUS LEG ULCER
A venous ulcer is a sore on the leg that heals slowly because of weak circulation. The ulcer can take a few weeks or years to heal. Serious problems can develop if the ulcer is not treated.
VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) usually develops when a deep vein blood clot forms in the deep veins of the leg, groin or arm. It can be dangerous and potentially life-threatening if the clot breaks free from a vein, travels through the circulation and becomes lodged in the lungs (known as Pulmonary Embolism).Pulmonary Embolism (PE) happens when a DVT clot begins to travel up the body, slowing or cutting off all blood supply to the lungs. This condition can oftentimes be fatal.


ATHEROSCLEROSIS OTHER PART LOWER LEG
An EKG is a test to diagnose and monitor many heart conditions and their treatments. An abnormal EKG would require more testing. What should you expect for your EKG? An EKG test only takes a few minutes. It generally includes these steps: You will lie on an exam table. A provider will place several electrodes (small sensors that stick to your skin) on your arms, legs, and chest.
ATHEROSCLEROSIS W/ INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is the most common cause of claudication. PAD is when your arteries, especially the ones in your legs, are narrowed or blocked because of plaque buildup.
ATHEROSCLEROSIS BILATERAL
The narrowing of the arteries causes a decrease in blood flow. Symptoms include leg pain, numbness, cold legs or feet and muscle pain in the thighs, calves or feet.
ATHEROSCLEROSIS OTHER PART LOWER LEG
Atherosclerosis of the extremities is a disease of the peripheral blood vessels that is characterized by narrowing and hardening of the arteries that supply the legs and feet. The narrowing of the arteries causes a decrease in blood flow. Symptoms include leg pain, numbness, cold legs or feet and muscle pain in the thighs, calves or feet.
ATHEROSCLEROSIS WITH REST PAIN
Rest pain is often in the leg and can be relieved temporarily by hanging the leg over the bed or getting up to walk around. CLI is a very severe condition of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and needs comprehensive treatment by a vascular surgeon or vascular specialist.
VARICOSE VEIN W/ ULCER
A venous ulcer, sometimes called a varicose ulcer or a venous stasis ulcer, is a leg wound that happens when the leg veins don’t circulate blood back toward the heart. It is a type of vascular ulcer. Blood can back up in the veins, building up pressure on the skin, which can cause an open sore to form.
VARICOSE VEIN OTHER PART LOWER LEG
Varicose veins are swollen and enlarged veins – usually blue or dark purple – that usually occur on the legs. They may also be lumpy, bulging or twisted in appearance. Varicose veins develop when the small valves inside the veins stop working properly.
VARICOSE VEIN WITH INFLAMMATION
Varicophlebitis (vein inflammation in a varicose vein) is more common. Vein inflammation should be treated by a doctor and may last for a few days up to several weeks. If untreated, vein inflammation can lead to dangerous thrombosis (blood clot)
VARICOSE VEIN WITH PAIN
Weak or damaged valves can lead to varicose veins. Arteries carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Veins return blood from the rest of the body to the heart. To return blood to the heart, the veins in the legs must work against gravity. Muscle contractions in the lower legs act as pumps, and elastic vein walls help blood return to the heart. Tiny valves in the veins open as blood flows toward the heart, then close to stop blood from flowing backward. If these valves are weak or damaged, blood can flow backward and pool in the veins, causing the veins to stretch or twist.
VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY
Normally, valves in your deeper leg veins keep blood moving forward toward the heart. With long-term (chronic) venous insufficiency, vein walls are weakened and valves are damaged. This causes the veins to stay filled with blood, especially when you are standing.

Vascular Testing

ABI
The ankle brachial index, or ABI, is a simple test that compares the blood pressure in the upper and lower limbs.
Arterial Ultrasound 
An arterial duplex ultrasound uses sound waves to create a color map of the arteries in your legs to identify: Narrowing of your vessels that may be causing leg pain when walking. Resting leg pain. Foot, ankle, heel or toe ulcers.

Venous Ultrasound
Venous ultrasound uses sound waves to produce images of the veins in the body. It is commonly used to search for blood clots, especially in the veins of the leg – a condition often referred to as deep vein thrombosis.
Carotid Ultrasound
Carotid ultrasound is a safe, noninvasive, painless procedure that uses sound waves to examine the blood flow through the carotid arteries. It also evaluates the thickness of the carotid artery wall and checks for clots.
Groin Ultrasound
A groin ultrasound is used to assess the area between the upper thigh and abdomen. The ultrasound mostly looks at the muscles and soft tissues in this region of the body, but can also see blood vessels and blood flow.
Renal Ultrasound
Renal ultrasound is a noninvasive medical exam that uses sound waves to produce pictures of the kidneys and bladder. It helps doctors diagnose and treat urinary conditions.

Vascular Procedures

Phlebectomy
A procedure in which a needle is used to take blood from a vein, usually for laboratory testing. Phlebotomy may also be done to remove extra red blood cells from the blood, to treat certain blood disorders.
SET 
An arterial duplex ultrasound uses sound waves to create a color map of the arteries in your legs to identify: Narrowing of your vessels that may be causing leg pain when walking. Resting leg pain. Foot, ankle, heel or toe ulcers.

Venogram
A venogram is a test that lets your healthcare provider see the veins in your body, especially in your legs. A special dye is injected that can be seen on an X-ray.
ENDOVENOUS LASER THERAPY
EVLT (Endovenous Laser Therapy) will correct varicose veins through a minimally invasive procedure. A doctor will make a small incision and insert a small laser fiber into the vein. The laser is used to close the vein, rerouting the blood to a healthy vein, and improving overall circulation.
PERIPHERAL ANGIOGRAM
A Peripheral Angiogram tests for narrowed or blocked arteries in the legs. A dye is used to illuminate an artery so an X-ray can clearly show if an area is blocked.
SCLEROTHERAPY
Sclerotherapy is a procedure used to eradicate varicose veins and spider veins. The process involves injecting a solution into the affected veins. The solution causes the blood vessel wall to collapse and the blood to clot. The vessel will eventually turn into scar tissue and fade away.